characteristics of crayfish~~

Crayfish

~Crayfish, also called crawfish or crawdad, are closely related to the lobster.

~More than half of the more than 500 species occur in North America, particularly Kentucky (Mammoth Cave) and Louisiana in the Mississippi basin.

~ Crayfish also live in Europe, New Zealand, East Asia and throughout the world, including the Tristan da Cunha Islands. Nearly all live in freshwater, although a few survive in salt water.

~Crayfish are characterised by a joined head and thorax, or midsection, and a segmented body, which is sandy yellow, green, or dark brown in colour.

~ The head has a sharp snout, and the eyes are on movable stalks. Crayfish are usually about 7.5 cm (3 inches) long.

characteristics of frog and crab~

                     CHARACTERISTICS of frog………….

v  Frogs have very good eyesight. They bulge out the sides of their heads in order for the frog to see in nearly all directions.  

v  Frogs also have amazing sense of hearing. You can often tell the difference between a male and female frog by the size of their eardrum, which can be seen behind their eyes. If the eardrum is smaller than the eye, the frog is a female. On males their eardrum is the same size as the eye.

v  Frogs have very powerful back legs and webbed feet that help them jump great distances, as well as, swim. Frogs even use their legs to dig, or burrow, underground for hibernating. Certain frogs can jump up to 20 times their own body length in a single leap. 

v  Every different species of frog has his or her own look. They come in many colors, patterns and sizes.

What are five characteristics of a frog?

1) need to live by water

2) smooth, moist skin

3) high, round eyes

4) teeth in upper jaw

5) long legs

      Characteristics of crab………

v  Crabs have one set of claws and four other pairs of legs. If a predator grabs a leg of a crab, the crab will shed it and later it will grow back.

v  Lined Shore crabs dance sideways down to the sea. They scrape small plants off rocks with the tiny cups on their pincers. The Lined Shore crab hides in the cracks of rocks.

v  Hermit crabs make their homes in empty snail shells. The hermit crab's back legs hold its shell on tight. The borrowed shells protect their soft bodies. As a hermit crab grows, it needs a bigger shell. Some hermit crabs will try and steal another's shell. They are scavengers who look for dead plants and animals that have fallen to the bottom of the tide pool.

v  The male crab shoots sperm into two hollows between the females back legs. That will make it possible for the female to lay eggs. When the eggs hatch, they are called zoea larva. The zoea larva feed in the ocean by trapping its food in its bristles. After a while the zoea larva change shape and are called megalopa larva. When the megalopa gets too heavy, it sinks to the bottom of the sea and starts to live as a crab. As the baby crab starts growing, it has to hide because its shell is soft. As it grows, its shell gets harder. Then when the crab gets too big for its shell, the shell cracks and falls off. This is called molting.

~Crabs have one set of claws and four other pairs of legs. If a predator grabs a leg of a crab, the crab will shed it and later it will grow back.

~Lined Shore crabs dance sideways down to the sea. They scrape small plants off rocks with the tiny cups on their pincers. The Lined Shore crab hides in the cracks of rocks.

~Hermit crabs make their homes in empty snail shells. The hermit crab's back legs hold its shell on tight. The borrowed shells protect their soft bodies. As a hermit crab grows, it needs a bigger shell. Some hermit crabs will try and steal another's shell. They are scavengers who look for dead plants and animals that have fallen to the bottom of the tide pool.

~The male crab shoots sperm into two hollows between the females back legs. That will make it possible for the female to lay eggs. When the eggs hatch, they are called zoea larva. The zoea larva feed in the ocean by trapping its food in its bristles. After a while the zoea larva change shape and are called megalopa larva. When the megalopa gets too heavy, it sinks to the bottom of the sea and starts to live as a crab. As the baby crab starts growing, it has to hide because its shell is soft. As it grows, its shell gets harder. Then when the crab gets too big for its shell, the shell cracks and falls off. This is called molting.

Green environment presentation slide...

 

Green environment..(deforestation)

1)  Imagine you are a part of a big orchard with a lot of trees around. How do you feel being cut?

-If I are part of a big orchard with a lot trees around, I felt very sad if I being cut. At first I felt very fortunate because I give protection to people and animals to shelter . I felt very sad. I cannot talk does not mean I cannot feel. I wonder, do they feel what I feel? I was disappointed because they are selfish and they do not think what the effect of the deforestation.

2) What will happen to all the animals which were talking shelter on you?

-Animal which were talking shelter on me are be effected.Forests are natural habitats to many types of animals and organisms. That is why, when there is deforestation, many animals are left without shelters. Those that manage to go through the flat lands and residential sites are then killed by people.

Through the years, it is estimated that there are millions of plant and extinct animal species that have been wiped out because they have been deprived of home. Thus, biodiversity is significantly lowered because of the savage deforestation practices of some people.

Wildlife advocates have been constantly reminding that several wild animals left in the world could still be saved if deforested forests would only be reforested and the practice of slash and burn of forests would be totally abandoned.

3) What would be the surroundings like after you are cut?

-The surrounding will effect by the change in temperatures in the nearby areas. Forests naturally cool down because they help retain moisture in the air.

-Second is the long process of global climate change. As mentioned above, deforestation has been found to contribute to global warming or that process when climates around the world become warmer as more harmful rays of the sun comes in through the atmosphere.

-The ozone layer is a mass of oxygen or O3 atoms that serves as shield in the atmosphere against the harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun. Because ozone is made up of oxygen atoms, oxygen react with carbon monoxide. Such reaction would use up oxygen atoms.

-It follows that when there are more carbon monoxide atoms going to the atmosphere, the volume of oxygen would decline. Such is the case of ozone depletion.

-The third effect to the environment would be on the water table underneath the ground. Water table is the common source of natural drinking water by people living around forests.

-Water table is replenishing. That means, the supply of water underground could also dry up if not replenished regularly. When there is rain, forests hold much of the rainfall to the soil through their roots.

-Thus, water sinks in deeper to the ground, and eventually replenishing the supply of water in the water table. Now, imagine what happens when there is not enough forests anymore. Water from rain would simply flow through the soil surface and not be retained by the soil.

-Or other than that, the water from rain would not stay in the soil longer, for the process of evaporation would immediately set in. Thus, the water table is not replenished, leading to drying up of wells.

4) What change will take place in the environment after you are cut?

What are the Effects of Deforestation~

The change will take place in the environment after cut is~

Erosion of Soil: When forest areas are cleared, it results in exposing the soil to the sun, making it very dry and eventually, infertile, due to volatile nutrients such as nitrogen being lost. In addition, when there is rainfall, it washes away the rest of the nutrients, which flow with the rainwater into waterways. Because of this, merely replanting trees may not help in solving the problems caused by deforestation, for by the time the trees mature, the soil will be totally devoid of essential nutrients. Ultimately, cultivation in this land will also become impossible, resulting in the land becoming useless. Large tracts of land will be rendered permanently impoverished due to soil erosion.

Disruption of the Water Cycle: Trees contribute in a large way in maintaining the water cycle. They draw up water via their roots, which is then released into the atmosphere. A large part of the water that circulates in the ecosystem of rainforests, for instance, remains inside the plants. When these trees are cut down it results in the climate getting drier in that area.

Loss of Biodiversity: The unique biodiversity of various geographical areas is being lost on a scale that is quite unprecedented. Even though tropical rainforests make up just 6 percent of the surface area of the Earth, about 80-90 percent of the entire species of the world exist here. Due to massive deforestation, about 50 to 100 species of animals are being lost each day. The outcome of which is the extinction of animals and plants on a massive scale.

Flooding and Drought: One of the vital functions of forests is to absorb and store great amounts of water quickly when there are heavy rains. When forests are cut down, this regulation of the flow of water is disrupted, which leads to alternating periods of flood and then drought in the affected area.

Climate Change: It is well known that global warming is being caused largely due to emissions of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. However, what is not known quite as well is that deforestation has a direction association with carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. Trees act as a major storage depot for carbon, since they absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, which is then used to produce carbohydrates, fats, and proteins that make up trees. When deforestation occurs, many of the trees are burnt or they are allowed to rot, which results in releasing the carbon that is stored in them as carbon dioxide. This, in turn, leads to greater concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

5) Message you would like to give to people who are cutting down trees.

Message that I would give to people who are cutting down trees is stop destroying the forests, which are so valuable to us. The forests are a boon to the earth which is bestowed with different natural resources. Extensive deforestation means the increase in pollution, global warming, natural calamities like flood and drought. Furthermore,they should stop to cutting of the tropical forests . Because rebirth of certain new species which would help in the balance of the flora and fauna. There are certain steps to be taken in order to keep the beauty of the nature intact

The people must be provided with certain knowledge about the ecosystem of the earth so that the people know the importance of the trees and stop the illegal cutting of the trees. There should be certain programs so that the children can teach their elders how important the trees are for the earths existence. The children must be taught the importance of the trees because the children of today are the future of tomorrow. Education should not however stop only amongst the school aged children but should be continued to the upper level i.e. the older people should also be taught the preventive measures of deforestation. The education however has become the easiest way to transfer the message. Saving the forests is a worldwide duty of the people. Measures should be taken by the people to save and preserve the forests.

To save the forests, eco-tourism should also be encouraged so that the people feel that forests are important for attracting the tourists to their country.

.http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_message_you_would_like_to_give_to_people_who_are_cutting_down_trees#ixzz1R8BwvJuR

http://www.effects-of-deforestation.com/tropical-deforestation.php

6) What do you think the use of technology in reducing and minimizing the problem?

-I think the use of technology in reducing and minimizing the problem can improve solution of deforestation. For example, increasing productivity of cleared rainforest lands is possible using improved technology to generate higher yielding crops.

- Taking advantage of improved germplasm developed through careful selection can produce grasses and crops that will grow on degraded forest soils. While technology may have accelerated the development and impoverishment of tropical rainforests, it will be one of the keys to saving them.

-Example: In partnership with the British National Space Centre (BNSC) and the other DMC member nations (Algeria, China, Nigeria, Turkey, Spain (2008)), DMCii uses the commercial exploitation of the DMC small satellite constellation to fund co-ordination of the DMC for humanitarian use in the event of major international disasters. DMCii works with the UN, the European Space Agency  and The International Charter: Space and Major Disasters during disasters such as flooding, earthquake, tsunami, fire and hurricanes.

-DMC imagery is provided by the five-satellite international Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC). The DMC small satellites, built by Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd (SSTL), use wide area cameras to capture the high-resolution images. The latest satellite, built for China, was launched into the DMC on 27 October 2005. Two new DMC satellites will be launched in 2008 and a third in 2009.
-Speaking at the Royal Society in London, 25th October, Dr. Gilberto Camâra, Director General of INPE said, "The DMC data is an important affordable contribution to our assessment of deforestation of the Amazon rainforest.

http://www.mongabay.com/saving_brazils_forests.html

7) In your opinion blog is able to stimulate environmental awareness among community. Elaborate.
~In my opinion blog is able to stimulate environmental awareness among community because people can know how to solve deforestation problem. In the blog, have been write that we need sufficient oxygen to live; we breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. We all know where we get this oxygen from. It is from the plant, and all this make up an ecosystem. This statement was true and people should care about this. But,some problem ecosystem was occur and this blog can mention about how to stimulate environmental awareness among community. For example, post about campaign to solve deforestation at blog can invite all community to settle this issue.

Solutions to Deforestation

The safe keeping of our precious planet lies with each and every member of its human population. We are the ones accountable for our actions even though it is ourselves we are accountable too. We have the power and knowledge to turn this planet into a green and pleasant place to live or to completely destroy all life. Deforestation is one of the major pressing environmental issues we face and one we must address the solutions to and quickly if we are to restore the damage we have done to the environment.

Writing~

  Students need to learn martial arts to protect themselves. In a world, have many types of martial arts. For example Silat Gayong, Taekwando, Karate and others. First example of martial arts is Silat Gayong. It referred as Silat Seni Gayong. It is a Malay arts of self-defence, a fighting art and the art of stopping wars. Students can develop of self and becoming a better person. It is good for our mental, discipline and self-confidence. Second, is Taekwando. It is very different from many martial arts. Physically it is very dynamic with active movement. Furthermore, it possesses dynamic poses from another perspective and it can improve to protect  themselves. Third, traditional Karate is different from boxing, wrestling and kick boxing. In Karate, importance things is the strength of the mind and good manner to strength of the body. In a nutshell, students should practice and  learn martial arts to protect themselves.

Celebration..

 Fasching..

~Do you know that the fasching celebration?  Fasching is Germany's carnival season. It starts on the 11th day of November at exactly 11minutes after 11am often referred to as Fat Tuesday . Fasching is more or less a Roman Catholic and Christian Orthodox celebration and most Protestant and non-Christian areas do not celebrate it.Fasching (also known as Karneval) is a time of festivity and merry making.It is a time to break the rules, poke fun at those who make them and then to make your own new rules.

~During karneval time, they would make a mock government of eleven people, as well as other officials. A price and princess were selected to rule the country during the Fasching season. Political authorities, high placed persons and king were the target of ridicule. To avoid persecution and punishment, these antics were played out from behind masks and costumes. Parades, dancing in the streets, masquerade balls and others.

Karneval festivities have become annual events around the world. Also known as Fasching, Carnival and Mardi Gras, the most famous are located in the following places:

• Köln, Germany
• Nice, France
• Trinidad
• Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
• New Orleans, Louisianna

The picture of fasching celebration..

http://www.theholidayspot.com/mardigras/celebration.htm

Songkran..

Songkran is a celebration of Thai traditional New Year, . Not only Thai people living in Thailand accompany of Songkran, but also people who speak the language such as Laotian, Thai people in Myanmar who live near the border at the north of Thailand, and Thai spoken Chinese people in Hunan.

Troot' means 'cut' or 'separation' which refers the end or the separation of the year. Therefore, 'troot' represents a celebration that the old year is ended and people manage to live throughout the year.Monks are invited to reprove. Merit-making, food giving are performed, especially to monks. In turn, people get blessed.

      Songkran means movement or displacement, refers to the Sun is moving into the new year. New year days last from April 13^th-15^th, annually.

     April 13^th is called Maha Songkran day.April 14^th is called Wan Nao , and April 15^th is called the beginning of new year day. These may be called differently in the North, but still easy to understand. For example, April 13^th, called Sungkarnlong day, means the old body, mind and spirits of the old year are leaving. April 14^th, called Wan Nao, April 15^th, called Wan Paya Wan, means a first important day of the New Year.During festivies,people spray water and put poowder on each other's face to symbolise washing away the sins from the old year.

http://www.google.com.my/search?sclient=psy&hl=en&site=&source=hp&q=songkran&btnG=Search

Obon..

~Obon is one of the most important Japanese traditions. People believe that their ancestors' spirits come back to their homes to be reunited with their family during Obon and pray for the spirits. For the reason, Obon is an important family gathering time, and many people return to their hometowns.

~Obon was originally celebrated around the 15th day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar. Obon periods are nowadays different in various regions of Japan. In most regions, Obon is celebrated around August 15th, and it typically begins 13th and ends 16th of August. In some areas in Tokyo, Obon is celebrated around July 15th, and it is still celebrated on the 15th day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar in many areas in Okinawa.

~On the first day of Obon, people go to their family's grave to call their ancestors' spirits back home. It's called mukae-bon. In some regions, fires called mukae-bi are lit at the entrances of houses to guide the spirits. On the last day, people bring the ancestor's spirits back to the grave, hanging chochin painted with the family crest to guide the spirits. It's called okuri-bon. In some regions, fires called okuri-bi are lit at entrances of houses to send the ancestors' spirits. During Obon, the smell of senko (Japanese incense sticks) fills Japanese houses.

~Obon is not a Japanese national holiday, but many people take vacations during this time so that they can visit their hometowns. Especially, mid August is the peak travel season like Golden Week in Japan. Airports, train stations, and highways are jammed with travelers.

http://gojapan.about.com/cs/japanesefestivals/a/obonfestival.htm

Inti raymi..

~The day when the sun was the most far away from Cusco is also the day when it comes back with the soil fertility. This day is the most important of the year, and people needed to be ready for the new year of the Inca's world: the Inti Raymi.
At the time of the Inca, the present Plaza de Armas in Cusco was called "Aucaypata Square" and was much larger than it is now (its size was reduced by the Spanish). This magnificent square was used as a stage for the great sun celebration: the "Inti Raymi".
On June 24th, the winter solstice, the Inca, his priests and main vassals stood in the middle of the square, people who waited for the sunrise. Once the sun there, the Inca offered two golden tumblers.
Immediately after, all the people meet at the Qoricancha, where the priests gave their offering to the sun. Next, they went back to the square for the sacrifice ceremony. During this ceremony, a lama was sacrificed. The ceremony designated the end of the predictions of the priests to the Inca. Then, the Inca indicated the end of the year and the beginning of the new year, and a general popular feast started and lasted for several days.

http://www.peruhotel.com/english/article.php3?idarticle=30